Elements of Administration

Ideas about administration of different scholars are near about the same nature. Some elements of administration are:

Planning

Planning is the base of management. It helps to set methods, powers, division of work, recruitment of staff etc. the remaining elements are bounded by planning. During planning first step is decision making and afterwards setting of objectives. The later stage is determination of policies and their application according to rules and regulation. The other stage is to determine resources and form a strategy to attain them. Planning roots out confusion and determine objective very clearly.  It lessens the cost, make easy to control. Planning lays stress on two dimensions, one instructional plan, second non-instructional plan, former deals with reaching and later deals with infrastructure and physical facilities.

Organizing

Organization means a system and culture of people by whom attainment of objects make possible. When two are more people meet together for specific purpose, it lays the foundation of an organization. System is the heart of organization and by its help the achievement of objectives makes possible.

It is an amalgamation of different activities. Every administrator is assigned a specific area under the system and he is responsible for it. He runs the state of affairs according to the assigned powers. Every staff member is assigned the related task so that any ambiguity can be removed. He explains the task in detail.

Organization includes certain facets i.e. responsibilities and powers of the head, unity of command, centralization or de-centralization, division of labor, setting of areas etc.  In school command is in the hands of head-teacher. He assigns duties according to subjects to all the teachers. He distributes different curricular and co-curricular activities among the staff. He also gives powers for the attainment of goals.

Staffing

After planning and establishing organization it is decided what type of people as staff will be recruited. In this way, their faculties. Technical skills, knowledge and experiences will be kept in view. After the recruitment, it is decided that what would be their salary, training, duty hours, promotion package and facilities. For this purpose, the right man for right job, principle is applied. In education department staff is recruited on district and provincial level that qualification and rules are devised by Government of Punjab. Schools on local basis can recruit ministerial staff.

Directing

Administrator plays a rile of a leader and issues commands. He takes counseling and guidance; he uses his potentials to last extent to lead for the attainment of objectives. This process is performed by a teacher in a classroom, head in a school and authorities on provincial and regional or division level. This streamlines the education system. This action is done by both verbal and written level. They also devise policies, constitute and amend education code, action plan, planning and directing kike as “standing order procedure” is the vital example. This term is used in army.

Reporting

At this stage an administrator uses the tools of inspection, supervision, research and data to evaluate the performance of his subordinates, attainment level of objectives and he conveys all these information to higher authorities. The reported information is also communicated to staff. Reporting is the history of an organization it shows input and output. It helps in assigning proper work to proper person. In school it seals with students, teachers, results and facilities, drop out, admission and syllabus.

Budgeting

All the aforesaid matters need ‘Resources’. We can establish organization with the help of resources, achieve objectives. Therefore, expenditures and income estimation is a pre-requisite. Without resource, organization formation cannot be materialized, and recruitment of staff possible. Hence in administrative elements budget is very essential. Budget is necessary to run a home, organization and a country. Budget has following kinds:

1. Annual budget
2. Supplementary budget
3. Development budget
4. Non-development budget
5. Special budget
6. Deficit budget
7. School budget

Advantages and objectives of budgeting

1. It helps to materialize plans
2. Control various activities
3. Determine objectives
4. Fix the standards of performance
5. Estimate about progress
6. Estimate of resources
7. Does not allow the deviation from planning
8. Balance between income and expenditure
9. Plans are completed within time frame
10. National policies are organized
11. Progress becomes balanced
12. Setting of priorities in the right direction
13. Provide economic security
14. Situation becomes clear, removes ambiguity
15. It generates strong and balanced polices for future.

School budget

The school budget is the estimate of the annual expenditure which enables smooth running of the institution. It includes the developmental as well as the non-developmental expenditure of the school.

Government provides resources to run the schools. But for the formation of whole country’s budget according to the needs, it takes budget estimate from every institution.